Glacier

VRRP - Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol

HSRP는 시스코 고유의 프로토콜이나, VRRP는 IETF 표준 RFC 2338로 정의된 표준 프로토콜이다.

HSRP와 설정방법이 거의 유사하지만 약간의 차이가 있다.

2016/08/16 - HSRP - Hot Standby Router Protocol - HSRP는 여기 참고

1. 액티브라우터가 아닌 마스터라우터이다.

2. HSRP Priority는 0-255, VRRP Priority는 1-254

3. 마스터라우터의 MAC은 0000.5e00.01XX, XX는 그룹번호

4. VRRP Advertisement는 1초마다

5. 인터페이스 트래킹을 별도의 트랙으로 설정해두어야 함. - 세부설정 가능!

위의 토플로지의 R1과 R2의 이더넷인터페이스에 VRRP를 적용하여 가상의 라우터를 만들되 R1이 마스터라우터가 되도록 설정한다.

또한 R1의 시리얼링크에 문제가 생길경우 R2가 마스터라우터가 되도록 한다.

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R1설정

track 1 interface Serial2/0 line-protocol  "line-protocol"대신 "ip routing"으로 입력하면 L3감지
       
interface FastEthernet0/0
 ip address 192.168.10.252 255.255.255.0
 vrrp 10 ip 192.168.10.254
 vrrp 10 priority 110
 vrrp 10 track 1 decrement 100

R2설정

interface FastEthernet0/0
 ip address 192.168.10.253 255.255.255.0
 duplex auto
 speed auto
 vrrp 10 ip 192.168.10.254
 vrrp 10 priority 50

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설정결과확인

R1#show vrrp
FastEthernet0/0 - Group 10
  State is Master 
  Virtual IP address is 192.168.10.254
  Virtual MAC address is 0000.5e00.010a
  Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec
  Preemption enabled
  Priority is 110
    Track object 1 state Up decrement 100
  Master Router is 192.168.10.252 (local), priority is 110
  Master Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec
  Master Down interval is 3.570 sec

R2#show vrrp
FastEthernet0/0 - Group 10
  State is Backup 
  Virtual IP address is 192.168.10.254
  Virtual MAC address is 0000.5e00.010a
  Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec
  Preemption enabled
  Priority is 50 
  Master Router is 192.168.10.252, priority is 110
  Master Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec
  Master Down interval is 3.804 sec (expires in 2.960 sec)

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CASE1# R1의 F0를 shutdown

R1#show vrrp
FastEthernet0/0 - Group 10
  State is Init   
  Virtual IP address is 192.168.10.254
  Virtual MAC address is 0000.5e00.010a
  Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec
  Preemption enabled
  Priority is 110
    Track object 1 state Up decrement 100
  Master Router is unknown, priority is unknown
  Master Advertisement interval is unknown
  Master Down interval is unknown

R2#show vrrp
FastEthernet0/0 - Group 10
  State is Master 
  Virtual IP address is 192.168.10.254
  Virtual MAC address is 0000.5e00.010a
  Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec
  Preemption enabled
  Priority is 50 
  Master Router is 192.168.10.253 (local), priority is 50 
  Master Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec
  Master Down interval is 3.804 sec

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CASE2# R3의 S0을 shutdown

R1#show vrrp
FastEthernet0/0 - Group 10
  State is Backup 
  Virtual IP address is 192.168.10.254
  Virtual MAC address is 0000.5e00.010a
  Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec
  Preemption enabled
  Priority is 10  (cfgd 110)
    Track object 1 state Down decrement 100
  Master Router is 192.168.10.253, priority is 50 
  Master Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec
  Master Down interval is 3.570 sec (expires in 3.090 sec)

R2#show vrrp
FastEthernet0/0 - Group 10
  State is Master 
  Virtual IP address is 192.168.10.254
  Virtual MAC address is 0000.5e00.010a
  Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec
  Preemption enabled
  Priority is 50 
  Master Router is 192.168.10.253 (local), priority is 50 
  Master Advertisement interval is 1.000 sec
  Master Down interval is 3.804 sec

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다중 VRRP설정은 HSRP와 동일하므로 생략~

2016/08/16 - HSRP - Multiple Group Configuration

Reference.

http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/ipapp_fhrp/configuration/12-4/fhp-12-4-book/fhp-vrrp.html#GUID-A6F936CD-71DF-4407-A943-3BD35389049A

https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2338.txt

https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5798 - VRRPv3

2016/08/16 - HSRP - Hot Standby Router Protocol

이전글에서 제시한 HSRP에는 트래픽이 한곳으로만 집중된다는 문제점이 있다.

게이트웨이를 이중화하여 두개의 경로를 모두 사용하는것이 아니라,

하나의 경로를 사용하되, 장애에 대비한 백업경로를 두는 개념이기 때문이다.

이러한 문제점은 네트워크별로 여러개의 HSRP를 설정하여 액티브라우터를 분산시키면 해결된다.

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위의 토플로지에서 PC1은 VLAN10에 연결되어있고, PC2는 VLAN20에 연결되어 있다.

VLAN10의 액티브라우터는 R1, VLAN20의 액티브라우터는 R2가 되도록 HSRP를 설정한다.

R1설정

interface FastEthernet0/0.10
 encapsulation dot1Q 10
 ip address 192.168.10.252 255.255.255.0
 standby 10 ip 192.168.10.254
 standby 10 priority 110
 standby 10 preempt
 standby 10 track Serial2/0 100
!
interface FastEthernet0/0.20
 encapsulation dot1Q 20
 ip address 192.168.20.252 255.255.255.0
 standby 20 ip 192.168.20.254
 standby 20 priority 50

R2설정

interface FastEthernet0/0.10
 encapsulation dot1Q 10
 ip address 192.168.10.253 255.255.255.0
 standby 10 ip 192.168.10.254
 standby 10 priority 50
!
interface FastEthernet0/0.20
 encapsulation dot1Q 20
 ip address 192.168.20.253 255.255.255.0
 standby 20 ip 192.168.20.254
 standby 20 priority 110
 standby 20 preempt
 standby 20 track Serial2/0 100

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설정결과확인

R1#show stan
FastEthernet0/0.10 - Group 10
  State is Active
    2 state changes, last state change 02:04:49
  Virtual IP address is 192.168.10.254
  Active virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac0a
    Local virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac0a (v1 default)
  Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec
    Next hello sent in 0.368 secs
  Preemption enabled
  Active router is local
  Standby router is 192.168.10.253, priority 50 (expires in 9.368 sec)
  Priority 110 (configured 110)
    Track interface Serial2/0 state Up decrement 100
  IP redundancy name is "hsrp-Fa0/0.10-10" (default)
FastEthernet0/0.20 - Group 20
  State is Standby
    4 state changes, last state change 02:00:42
  Virtual IP address is 192.168.20.254
  Active virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac14
    Local virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac14 (v1 default)
  Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec
    Next hello sent in 0.356 secs
  Preemption disabled
  Active router is 192.168.20.253, priority 110 (expires in 7.468 sec)
  Standby router is local
  Priority 50 (configured 50)
  IP redundancy name is "hsrp-Fa0/0.20-20" (default)

R2#show stan
FastEthernet0/0.10 - Group 10
  State is Standby
    4 state changes, last state change 02:03:48
  Virtual IP address is 192.168.10.254
  Active virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac0a
    Local virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac0a (v1 default)
  Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec
    Next hello sent in 0.808 secs
  Preemption disabled
  Active router is 192.168.10.252, priority 110 (expires in 8.864 sec)
  Standby router is local
  Priority 50 (configured 50)
  IP redundancy name is "hsrp-Fa0/0.10-10" (default)
FastEthernet0/0.20 - Group 20
  State is Active
    1 state change, last state change 02:02:39
  Virtual IP address is 192.168.20.254
  Active virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac14
    Local virtual MAC address is 0000.0c07.ac14 (v1 default)
  Hello time 3 sec, hold time 10 sec
    Next hello sent in 0.808 secs
  Preemption enabled
  Active router is local
  Standby router is 192.168.20.252, priority 50 (expires in 7.500 sec)
  Priority 110 (configured 110)
    Track interface Serial2/0 state Up decrement 100
  IP redundancy name is "hsrp-Fa0/0.20-20" (default)

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PC1은 R3로 가기위해 R1을 경유하나, R1이나 R1의 시리얼링크에 문제가 생긴경우 R2를 경유한다.

PC2는 R3로 가기위해 R2를 경유하나, R2나 R2의 시리얼링크에 문제가 생긴경우 R1을 경유한다.